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Table of Contents
– Levels of organization in ecology include the population, community, ecosystem, and biosphere.
The different types of ecology include- molecular ecology, organismal ecology, population ecology, community ecology, global ecology, landscape ecology and ecosystem ecology.
Some of the most important Specialized Branches of Ecology are as follows: Early ecologists have recognized two major subdivisions of ecology in particular reference to animals or to plants, hence animal ecology and plant ecology.
Eugene P. Odum School of Ecology
Ecology is the branch of biology that studies how organisms interact with their environment and other organisms. Ecology is the study of these forces, what produces them, and the complex relationships between organisms and each other, and organisms and their non-living environment. …
The idea of the ecosystem relates to the idea that all organisms in the environment are engaged in relationships with every other aspect (like resources and other organisms) in that environment. The ecological relationships connecting all ecosystems make up the biosphere.
Humans are fully dependent on Earth’s ecosystems and the services that they provide, such as food, clean water, disease regulation, climate regulation, spiritual fulfillment, and aesthetic enjoyment. The relationship between human well-being and ecosystem services is not linear.
Healthy terrestrial ecosystems are vital for human welfare and survival, as they provide us with essential products and benefits. Over 90% of our food comes from terrestrial ecosystems, which also provide energy, building materials, clothes, medicines, fresh and clean water, and clean air.
Water is also used by plants to carry and distribute the nutrients they need to survive. Examples of ecosystems are: agroecosystem, aquatic ecosystem, coral reef, desert, forest, human ecosystem, littoral zone, marine ecosystem, prairie, rainforest, savanna, steppe, taiga, tundra, urban ecosystem and others.
Abiotic factors refer to non-living physical and chemical elements in the ecosystem. Biotic factors are living or once-living organisms in the ecosystem. These are obtained from the biosphere and are capable of reproduction. Examples of biotic factors are animals, birds, plants, fungi, and other similar organisms.