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All you need to remember is the order of flats as the word BEAD plus three letters GCF. The order of sharps is the same, but reversed — FCG DAEB. If you’ve memorized the notes on the circle of 5ths and 4ths, you will notice flats go in 4ths starting on B and sharps go in 5ths starting on F.
Sharps go up, while flats go down. (A sharp raises a note by a half step, while a flat lowers it.) The first sharp encountered in a key signature is F-sharp, while the first flat is B-flat. The next accidental (sharp or flat) is always a fifth away….Flats.
# Sharps | Sharps | Key |
---|---|---|
7 | F♯, C♯, G♯, D♯, A♯, E♯, B♯ | C♯ / a♯ |
The order of sharps is: F sharp, C sharp, G sharp, D sharp, A sharp, E sharp, B sharp. The order of flats is the reverse of the order of sharps: B flat, E flat, A flat, D flat, G flat, C flat, F flat.
To properly use the circle of fifths to figure out a key signature, you’ll need to also remember this mnemonic device, which tells you the order of flats and sharps: Father Charles Goes Down And Ends Battle. For sharp keys (clockwise on the circle of fifths), read the mnemonic device forward.
In simple time signatures, each beat is divided into two equal parts. The most common simple time signatures are 2/4, 3/4, 4/4 (often indicated with a “C” simbol) and 2/2 (often indicated with a “cut C” simbol)….Time signatures explained.
Time | Type | Beats per measure |
---|---|---|
12/8 | compound | 4 dotted quarter notes per measure |
The two numbers in the time signature tell you how many beats are in each measure of music. A piece with a time signature of 4/4 has four quarter note beats; each measure with a 3/4 meter has three quarter note beats; and each measure of 2/4 time has two quarter note beats.